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Narragansett Pacer
The Narragansett Pacer was the first horse breed developed in the United States, but is now extinct. It was developed in the United States during the 18th century and associated closely with the state of Rhode Island, and it had become extinct by the late 19th century. The Pacer was developed from a mix of English and Spanish breeds, although the exact cross is unknown, and they were known to and owned by many famous personages of the day, including George Washington. Sales to the Caribbean and cross-breeding diminished the breed to the point of extinction, and the last known Pacer died around 1880.
The Narragansett was possibly an ambling horse, rather than a true pacing breed. It was known as a sure-footed, dependable breed, although not flashy or always good-looking. Pacers were used for racing and general riding. They were frequently crossed with other breeds, and provided the foundation for several other American breeds, including the American Saddlebred, Standardbred and Tennessee Walking Horse.
==History==
Highly valued by plantation owners of the 19th century, the Narragansett Pacer had a major influence on many American gaited breeds. The breed was especially associated with the state of Rhode Island in the early 18th century, but had become extinct by the late 19th century.〔 It was known as the first breed of horse developed in America.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Frequently Asked Questions )〕 The exact origins of the breed are unknown, but it was probably developed from a cross between English "ambling" horses and Spanish breeds. These Spanish breeds often included bloodlines that included lateral gaits. The horses developed from this cross were known for their smoothness and sure-footedness over poor terrain.〔Edwards, pp. 358-359〕 The English horses which contributed to the Narragansett Pacer may have been members of the Irish Hobby breed;〔Dutson, p. 18〕 another possible ancestor is the Galloway pony.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Breed History 500s-1700s )〕 In the early 18th century, William Robinson, the Lieutenant Governor of Rhode Island, began the serious development of the breed with a stallion named "Old Snip"—speculated to be either an Irish Hobby or an Andalusian, and considered the father of the breed.
In 1768, George Washington owned and raced a Narragansett Pacer, while in 1772, Edmund Burke asked an American friend for a pair. Paul Revere possibly rode a Pacer during his 1775 ride to warn the Americans of a British march.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=International Museum of the Horse )〕 The extinction was due mainly to the breed being sold in such large numbers to sugarcane planters in the West Indies that breeding stock was severely diminished in the United States.〔Edwards, pp. 232-233〕 The few horses that were left were crossbred to create and improve other breeds and the pure strain of the Narragansett soon became extinct.〔Lynghaug, p. 250〕 North Carolina was also a noted to have breeders of the Narragansett, with breeding stock having been brought to the area as early as 1790 by early pioneers.〔Dutson, p. 246〕 The last known Pacer, a mare, died around 1880.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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